Clinicopathological features and survival of testicular tumours in a Southeast Asian university hospital: a ten-year review

Introduction: Testicular cancer mainly affects young men worldwide. There is lack of published data on patients with this malignant condition from the Southeast Asian region. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the clinicopathologic features of testicular cancer patients treated in a Southeast Asian university hospital and their overall survival rate. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of testicular cancer patients treated between January 2001 and February 2011. Their epidemiological data, clinical presentation, pathologic diagnosis, stage of disease and treatment were gathered and the overall survival rate of this cohort was analyzed. Results: Thirty-one patients were included in this study. The majority of them were of Malay ethnicity. The average age at presentation was 33.7 years. The commonest testicular cancer was non-seminomatous germ cell tumour, followed by seminoma, lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. More than half of all testicular germ cell tumour (GCT) patients had some form of metastasis at diagnosis. All the patients were treated with radical orchidectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to those with metastatic disease. Four seminoma patients received radiotherapy to the para-aortic lymph nodes. The 5-year survival rate for all testicular cancers in this cohort was 83.9%. The survival rate was 88.9% in 5 years when GCT were analyzed separately. Conclusion: GCT affects patients in their third and fourth decades of life while lymphoma patients are generally older. Most of the patients treated for GCT are of Malay ethnicity. The majority have late presentation for treatment. The survival rate of GCT patients treated here is comparable to other published series in other parts of the world.     

Gastrointestinal Cancer Incidence in East Azerbaijan,Iran: Update on 5 Year Incidence and Trends

Background: A cancer registry program has been established in East Azerbaijan and this has emphasizedthe importance of cancers of gastrointestinal tract in this region. The aim of the present pathology-based cancerregistry report is to renew epidemiologic aspects of gastrointestinal tract cancers and estimate recent trends.Materials and Methods: A survey team reviewed and collected all records of cancer cases from all referral andvalid pathology laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during September 2007-2011. Crude rates, age-specificrates of cancer incidence and annual percent change were calculated. Results: The total newly diagnosed cancercases (n=6,889)comprised 4,341 males (63.0%) and 2,540 females (36.9%). Gastric cancer was the most common GItract cancer with an ASR (per 105) of 23.1 for males and 7.69 for females. The ASRs for esophageal and colorectalcancers were 9.69 and 11.2 in males and 7.35 and 8.93 in females. Trend analysis showed a significant declinefor esophageal cancer and increasing incidence for colorectal cancer in females. Conclusions: The prevalenceof gastric cancer is high in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. This pathology based cancer registry showed anascending trend for colorectal cancer and decreasing trend for esophageal cancer in females during 2007-2011.     

豫东地区手足口病留观患者回顾研究1200例

目的探讨豫东地区手足口病留观室患者的临床特点,诊断治疗及转归。为进一步了解防治该病提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析1200例留观室手足口病患儿的临床资料。结果皮疹以手部为主者占36．1％、足部为主者占31．2％、口腔部病变为主占35．4％、以臀部为主占10．2％、以肘、膝部和胸腹部为主者占0．5％。其中手足部皮疹被误诊的占8．5％,因病情加重转入住院患者占9．6％。观察48～72h解除留观者占62．3％,发热者占80．64％。年龄以学龄前儿童为主,占80．1％,有明确接触史者,占60．6％。发病以4—7月份高发。结论手足口病发病以学龄前儿童为主,以手、足、口、臀等部位发生丘疱疹为主要临床表现,部分容易误诊。病情严重者大部分是EV71感染。留观患者病情易变,早隔离、诊断、治疗预后良好。     

南水北调东线工程源头地区钉螺监测

目的了解南水北调东线工程源头地区钉螺分布及其对调水安全的影响。方法每年春季采取系统抽样结合环境抽查法对东线工程源头地区进行钉螺分布调查,同时选择江都水利枢纽泵站消力池滩地定点监测钉螺扩散。结果2006-2009年东线工程源头地区查出钉螺面积分别为256.11、184.55、164.92hm2和121.16hm^2;感染性钉螺面积分别为8.3、1.0、1.0hm^2和0hm^2;活螺密度也呈逐年下降趋势。GoogleEarth地图显示东线工程源头地区钉螺主要分布在夹江和芒稻河。对江都泵站消力池滩地定点监测发现局限性低密度扩散钉螺,分析原因为引河疏浚工程建筑垃圾携带所致。结论南水北调东线源头地区存在钉螺扩散的风险,因此有必要长期开展监测和控制。     

Celiac disease in Middle Eastern and North African countries: A new burden?

Celiac disease(CD) is now recognized as a common disorder among Middle Eastern(ME) and North African(NA) populations.The aim of this review is to assess the available data regarding CD in the ME and NA and to compare this information with that of Western countries.A literature review was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Medline(1950-2008) as search engines,and “celiac disease“ was used as a Mesh term.The search was limited to ME and NA countries.The prevalence of CD in ME and NA countries...     

Intimate partner violence and initiation of smoking and drinking: A population-based study of women in Yokohama,Japan

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is prevalent in the lives of women across the globe and has been found to be associated with substance use among women. As part of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) cross-national research effort, this study examined the relationship between the experience of IPV and use of alcohol and tobacco among a probability sample of women aged 18–49 in Yokohama, Japan. Using retrospective data for 2000–2001, we employed methods of survival analysis that allowed an examination of the probability of initiating smoking and drinking subsequent to the experience of IPV. Experiencing IPV was associated with current smoking as well as initiation of smoking and current patterns of drinking. Women who had experienced IPV were more likely to be smoking at the time of the interview and tended to initiate smoking at earlier ages compared to those who had not experienced IPV. At any time point, the risk of starting to smoke was more than twice as high for women who had previously experienced IPV than for women who had not. In addition, women who had experienced IPV were more likely to drink heavily. The present study’s findings clearly point to the need to enhance coordination between IPV prevention and substance abuse programs in order to improve the safety and wellbeing of women who have experienced IPV.     

高频超声在亚洲女性中筛查乳腺癌 准确性的系统评价

目的 评价高频超声在亚洲女性中筛查乳腺癌的准确性及价值.方法 系统地收集高频超声筛查亚洲女性乳腺癌的研究文献;按照QUADAS工具对纳入文献进行质量评价;采用Meta-DiSc 1.4软件计算高频超声的合并灵敏度和特异度,绘制综合受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线;并计算高频超声筛查早期乳腺癌(包括TNM 0期、Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期)的构成比.结果 共纳入7篇筛查报告,研究对象22 244人.QUADAS质量评价结果表明:A级文献有5篇、B级文献有2篇,纳入文献质量较高.Meta分析结果显示,纳入的研究具有异质性(Q=38.97,P＜0.0001),利用随机效应模型(REM)估计合并值,合并灵敏度和特异度分别为0.785(95%CI:0.726～0.837)和0.975(95%CI:0.973～0.977),SROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.9800.在随访超过一年的研究中,96.9%(63例)的患者处于临床Ⅱ期及之前.结论 纳入的7项研究显示高频超声在亚洲女性乳腺癌筛查中有较高的准确性,且有发现早期乳腺癌的能力.     

南水北调东线气候变化对血吸虫病传播潜在影响的研究

目的阐明南水北调东线气候变化对血吸虫病传播的潜在影响。方法采集南水北调东线有关气象台站地面气候资料和血吸虫病流行病学资料,采用相关和回归分析方法分析不同纬度气温、降水、日照特征和气温、降水量变化趋势,分析气温等要素对降水量的影响,评估东线气候变化对血吸虫病流行的影响。结果南水北调东线不同纬度气象台站累年平均气温（1）、累年平均最高气温（2）、累年平均最低气温（3）、累年极端最低气温（4）、累年平均相对湿度（5）、累年降水量（6）与纬度呈显著负相关,均随着纬度的升高而呈下降趋势（r1=-0．849,P=0．000;r2=-0．776,P=0．003;r3=-0．806,P=0．002;r4=-0．798,P=0．002;r5=-0．883,P=0．000;r6=-0．961,P=0．000）,而累年日照时数随纬度升高而呈增加趋势（r=0．902,P=0．000）;不同纬度日照时数与年降水量间呈显著负相关（r=-0．902,P=0．000）。淮安和济南气象代表站1951～2008年1月份气温变化曲线均与时间变量（年份）呈线性上升趋势;而1970～2008年降水量与时间变量（年份）则不存在线性关系;东线各气象台站年平均最高气温与年降水量间均呈显著负相关;徐州以北年降水量均〈750mm,而且随着纬度的增加,北方降水量更为减少。资料分析还表明东线钉螺分布和居民粪检阳性率与气温、降水、日照等气候要素无明显相关。结论南水北调东线气温正趋于变暖,但降水量却随气温的升高而呈减少趋势,未来东线气候变化可能并不完全满足钉螺北移和血吸虫病流行区向北扩展的气候条件。     

Quality of cancer care among foreign‐born and US‐born patients with lung or colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Disparities in care have been documented for foreign‐born cancer patients in the United States. However, few data are available regarding patients with lung and colorectal cancer. In the current study, the authors assessed whether patient‐reported quality and receipt of recommended care differed between US‐born and foreign‐born cancer patients.

METHODS:

The authors collected surveys and medical records for a population‐based cohort including white, Hispanic, and Asian adults (2205 US‐born and 890 foreign‐born individuals) with lung or colorectal cancer diagnosed in California from 2003 through 2005. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between nativity and patient‐reported quality of care and receipt of recommended treatments (adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for stage II/III rectal cancer, and curative surgery for stage I/II nonsmall cell lung cancer). The authors also assessed whether language explained any differences in care by nativity.

RESULTS:

Overall, 46% of patients reported excellent care, but foreign‐born patients were less likely than US‐born patients to report excellent quality of care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.65‐1.00), a difference partly explained by the language of the survey, an indicator of English proficiency. Rates of recommended therapies ranged from 64% to 85%; foreign‐born patients were less likely to receive chemotherapy and radiotherapy for stage II/III rectal cancer (AOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12‐0.99). Rates of other treatments did not differ significantly by nativity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Foreign‐born cancer patients reported lower quality of care and were less likely to receive some cancer therapies than patients born in the Unites States. Better coordination of care and communication regarding cancer treatments and expanded use of interpreters may lessen these disparities. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

亚洲少年眼和肾结节病1例

结节病通常导致年轻人患双侧肺门淋巴腺病,肺实质疾病和/或皮肤损伤等。儿童结节病是一种相对罕见的疾病,尤其是眼和肾脏同时受累的儿童患者。我们这里呈现了一个双侧复发性前葡萄膜炎伴发肾功能衰竭的结节病的少年亚裔病情。口服类固醇与甲氨喋呤后临床症状得到明显改善。因顽固性青光眼行小梁切除术后双眼视力令人满意。因此,给予及时的诊断及迅速适当的处理能避免这类罕见疾病的眼部发病率。